Infrastructure / Celestia / TIA
Celestia
A modular data availability network that rollups publish to, verified by light nodes through data availability sampling.
THE OVERVIEW
What Celestia does
Celestia is a data availability network. Its job is to answer whether a block’s data has been published and can be downloaded, leaving execution and settlement to other layers. In this modular stack the base layer provides data availability and consensus, and multiple execution layers, that is, rollups, can share the same settlement and data availability layers. [1]
Light nodes verify availability through data availability sampling. Block data is arranged in a matrix extended with erasure-coded parity data; light nodes randomly sample coordinates and request shares with Merkle proofs from bridge nodes. As long as enough shares are sampled collectively, honest bridge nodes can recover the full block, and adding light nodes allows larger blocks while keeping sampling feasible for constrained devices. Namespaced Merkle trees let each application download only its own data. [2]
IN PRACTICE
What people use it for
Publish rollup data
Rollups post their transaction data to Celestia and inherit its availability guarantees. [1]
Run a light node
Sample small pieces of each block to verify availability without downloading everything. [2]
Pay and stake with TIA
The network token pays for blockspace and secures the proof-of-stake chain. [1]
UNDERSTAND THE TECHNOLOGY
Key concepts
Data availability
The guarantee that block data was published and can be retrieved. [1]
Data availability sampling
Random sampling of erasure-coded shares that lets light nodes check availability probabilistically. [2]
Namespaced Merkle trees
A structure that partitions block data by application so each one can fetch only its namespace. [2]
MARKET CONTEXT
TIA market
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Official resources & sources
Dextape explanations based on the primary documentation below.