Ledger

A Ledger hardware wallet stores private keys offline in a dedicated chip. The device generates a secret recovery phrase that acts as a master key to all the private keys it manages, and it signs transactions inside that offline environment, so the key never touches a connected computer. Ledger devices use a Secure Element chip of the kind found in banking cards, and the Ledger Wallet app provides the interface for tracking and managing assets. [1]

Ledger’s guidance for users centres on the recovery phrase and on-device verification. A device should never be used preconfigured, the recovery phrase should never be photographed, typed into a computer or phone, or shared, because anyone holding those words has full access to the assets. Because a connected computer’s display can be tampered with, addresses and transaction details should be checked on the device’s own screen before approval; Clear Signing presents that data in a readable form. [2]